Conductors

Core Sentence / 核心句

Conductors allow charge to move freely through the material.

中文理解：导体内部自由电荷容易移动，因此会在外电场下重新分布。

Formula / 公式或规则

In electrostatic equilibrium:

$${\vec{E}}_{\text{inside conductor}}=0,V=\text{constant throughout the conductor}$$

When To Use / 什么时候用

看到 electrons move freely、induction in metal，就想到 conductors。

Watch Out / 易错点

导体不是一定带电；它只是允许电荷移动。$\vec{E}=0$ 只适用于 electrostatic equilibrium；carrying-current wire 内必须有 nonzero field 驱动 drift。

Search and Source Mentions / 搜索与出现位置

Mentioned In / 出现位置

• AP电磁学第8次正课-介电质电流与电阻 · drift and current
  • Steady conduction requires a directional drift superimposed on random thermal motion.
• AP电磁学第6次正课-等势面与静电平衡 · electrostatic equilibrium
  • “Free charges move until the internal field vanishes.”
• AP电磁学第6次正课-等势面与静电平衡 · surface charge
  • “In electrostatic equilibrium, excess charge resides on the surface of a conductor.”
• AP电磁学第1次正课-电荷库仑定律与电场 · Supplement 3: Conductors vs Insulators in Induction / 导体和绝缘体的极化区别
  • Supplement 3: Conductors vs Insulators in Induction / 导体和绝缘体的极化区别

Connected Notes / 连接

• Induction
• Electric Charge
• AP电磁学第6次正课-等势面与静电平衡
• AP电磁学第8次正课-介电质电流与电阻
• Electric Current
• Resistance and Resistivity
• Electrostatic Equilibrium
• Equipotential Surface
• Surface Charge Density