IMRaD Structure

IMRaD separates why a study was needed, how it was conducted, what it found, and what those findings mean.

IMRaD 把研究缘起、执行方法、实际发现和结果意义分开组织。

Section Logic

• Introduction: context, prior work, gap, and research question.
• Methods: materials, procedure, analysis, and enough detail to understand or reproduce the study.
• Results: observations, measurements, calculations, and patterns with minimal interpretation.
• Discussion: explanation, comparison with prior work, implications, limitations, and significance.

Results answers what happened; Discussion answers what it means. Some papers add a separate Conclusion, while others let Discussion perform that function.

Connections

• Article anatomy: Academic Research Article
• Production: Writing Process
• Evidence evaluation: Source Evaluation
• Source module: AE26 Module 4-Writing in the University