Claim Evidence Warrant

A claim states what the reader should accept, evidence supplies support, and a warrant explains why that evidence justifies the claim.

Claim 提出读者应接受什么，evidence 提供支持，warrant 则解释为什么这些证据能够支持该主张。

Reasoning Chain

claim
-> evidence
-> warrant
-> qualification or alternative explanation
-> implication

Evidence does not interpret itself. A quotation, statistic, graph, interview, or example becomes part of the writer’s argument only after its relevance and meaning are explained.

Diagnostic Questions

• What exactly does the evidence show?
• Why is it relevant to this claim?
• What assumption connects the two?
• Could the evidence support another explanation?
• What follows if the claim is accepted?

Comments such as elaborate, so what?, and implication? often indicate a missing warrant or consequence, not a need for another quotation.

Search and Source Mentions

• Source lecture: 大学写作第 3 课 - Citation Styles 与段落类型 > 12. Exemplification and Evidence / 例子不是终点

Connections

• Paragraph structure: Paragraph Coherence / Paragraph Development
• Source use: Source Integration / Quote Integration
• Reader model: Reader-Centered Writing
• Larger argument: Thesis Statement