Citation Styles
A citation style is a standardized system for showing source use and directing readers to complete source information.
引用格式是一套标准化系统，用来标明来源使用，并把读者带到完整来源信息。
Functional Comparison
| Style | In-text or note logic | End list |
|---|---|---|
| APA | author-date | References |
| MLA | author/title key plus location when relevant | Works Cited |
| Chicago Notes and Bibliography | superscript note number, then full or shortened note | Bibliography |
The instructor, assignment, journal, or required manual determines the style and edition. Discipline associations are tendencies, not permission to choose freely.
Reliable Workflow
- Identify the exact required style and edition.
- Mark every quotation, paraphrase, data point, and borrowed interpretation.
- Make the citation’s scope unambiguous.
- Match each citation or note to a complete entry.
- Verify generated metadata and formatting against the required guide.
Boundary
- APA 7 book references omit publisher location.
- APA journal article titles are not italicized; journal title and volume are italicized.
- Chicago currently prefers shortened notes over routine
ibid.use. - Author-count and locator rules vary by style and source type.
Search and Source Mentions
Connections
- Purpose: Academic Citation
- Ethical boundary: Acceptable Paraphrase
- Source use: Source Integration
- Reader model: Reader-Centered Writing