AE26 Module 6 - Capstone Project
Reading Guide / 阅读说明
这是六个模块的合流点。Module 5 先让你用一分钟说明一种 technology 为什么值得关注;Module 6 再把这个初步立场放进 Academic Conversation:先了解别人说了什么,再用来源、引用与自己的推理写出一个可追溯的贡献。
一句话主线
Academic research moves recursively between what others understand and what you can responsibly contribute.
学术研究是在“别人已经理解什么”和“你能负责任地贡献什么”之间反复往返,而不是先找完资料再机械添加个人意见。
1. Module Map / 模块脉络
read the assignment situation
-> define a technology and tentative position
-> conduct a broad preliminary search
-> find and critically read a scholarly source
-> paraphrase and cite the scholar accurately
-> connect they say to I say
-> outline the paragraph
-> draft, revise, edit, and proofread
-> submit and carry feedback forward课程用 step-by-step Capstone 将前五个模块重新组合:Module 1 的 scholarly situation,Module 2 的 critical reading,Module 3 的 information literacy,Module 4 的 writing process,以及 Module 5 的 audience-aware communication。
2. Start with the Assignment / 研究从读取任务开始
正式搜索前先评估 assignment:
- required topic、genre、length、audience 与 deadline 是什么?
- 必须使用几项 scholarly sources?
- 要 summary、analysis、position,还是三者结合?
- 指定哪种 citation style?
- GenAI 是否允许,允许进入哪些阶段,怎样声明?
Capstone 延续 technologies of everyday life:介绍一种 technology,描述相关知识,并形成自己的 contribution。课程再次使用四问:topic、audience、author’s belief、reason for writing。
Research does not begin with a search box; it begins with understanding what the assignment is asking you to do.
3. The Two-Part Research Loop / 研究的两个核心部分
课程把 academic research 压缩为两个相互作用的问题:
- What do others understand about this topic?
- What do I understand and contribute?
这不是严格的先后顺序。你可能先有 hunch,再用研究修正;也可能先读来源,才形成位置。无论从哪里开始,都要在 existing research 与 own idea 之间往返。
initial question or hunch
<-> existing scholarship
<-> revised question and position
<-> further evidenceAcademic conversation 是 knowledge-based。个人观点可以是起点,但只有在准确理解来源、提供理由并暴露证据路径后,才成为 scholarly contribution。
4. Preliminary Search / 先画出话题地形
6.1.3 的 broad web search 不要求提交,作用是 warm-up research:
- 看话题常用哪些 keywords 和 competing terms;
- 识别谁在发言、作者与材料有什么关系;
- 区分公司、新闻、政策、倡议组织和研究者的目的;
- 记录你学到的内容、来源、自己的问题与反应;
- 带着 Capstone 的问题阅读,而不是无限收集。
这一阶段的来源未必进入 final paragraph。它的价值是建立 context,并帮助后续 Search Strategy 更精确。若使用 GenAI,需用课程前面的 SIFT 思路查证,并记录使用方式。
5. Scholarly Sources / 为什么要进入学者之间的文本
Scholarly source 是 written by scholars for scholars 的来源。它不自动比所有 popular source 更“正确”;新闻或杂志也可能由 expert 撰写。教授要求 scholarly source,是因为 assignment 要你进入某个 discipline 的知识生产方式、证据标准和同行对话。
可用四条搜索路径:
- Keyword search:把研究问题拆成关键概念和同义词;
- Limiter search:限制 peer-reviewed、date、geography 或 subject;
- Bibliography search:从相关论文的 references 追到更早或更具体的来源;
- Google / Google Scholar:扩大可见范围,但自行筛选 source type、适用性和 access。
UBC Library 的数据库由学校付费并通过 CWL 开放。课程明确提醒:不要为单篇文章付费;先使用学校已有的 access。
找到来源后,带着目的读。长论文不要求每一部分同样精读;先确定作者关于你关心的问题提出什么 claim,再把精力放到相关 section。这是 Critical Reading,不是偷懒。
6. Paraphrase as Understanding / 转述不是同义词替换
Acceptable Paraphrase 同时完成四件事:
- faithfully represent the author’s idea;
- use substantially your own wording and sentence structure;
- show how you understand the idea;
- provide an in-text citation。
Unacceptable paraphrase 包括:复制原句而不加 quotation marks、只替换少量同义词、重新排列原作者关键词、或引用标记只覆盖实际借用文字的一小部分。
短 quotation 可以保留原作者特别重要的 phrasing,但必须加引号并明确 attribution;quotation 不能替代你对其意义的解释。
Changing words is not enough; a paraphrase must reconstruct the idea from understanding while preserving credit.
7. Citation Is a Two-Step Trace / 引用是两段式追踪链
Academic Citation 永远包含两个互补位置:
- In-text citation:在借用 idea、data、quotation、summary 或 paraphrase 的句子附近标出来源;
- Reference / Works Cited entry:在文末给出足够的 bibliographic information,让读者定位原文。
source-dependent sentence
-> nearby in-text signal
-> full bibliographic entry
-> recoverable original sourceMLA 常用 author-page,APA 常用 author-date,Chicago 可能使用 notes;具体格式由 Scholarly Situation 决定。Citation generator 可以加速排版,但会出错,必须 proofread。信息完整和 academic integrity 比盲目模仿 punctuation 更优先。
若课程允许使用 GenAI,相关材料也可能需要 in-text citation、Works Cited entry 和 use declaration;要求以 instructor 与 UBC 指南为准。
8. They Say / I Say / 把来源变成对话而不是装饰
Source Integration 的最小结构是:
They say: identify and accurately paraphrase a scholar's claim.
I say: state how your own position agrees, extends, complicates, or challenges it.
So what: explain why the relationship matters for the topic or audience.6.2.4 discussion 用这一结构练习 scholarly engagement。关键不是固定使用 suggests,而是选准确的 reporting verb,并让自己的回应真正建立在前面的 scholar claim 上。课程活动只记录训练目标,不复制私人提交内容。
9. Organize before Drafting / 即使一段也需要设计
Outline 先从 assignment sheet 提取 required pieces,再安排 beginning、middle 和 end。形式可以是顺序清单,也可以是视觉图;它是 private thinking tool,不需要符合统一模板。
一个可用的 Capstone paragraph spine:
- succinctly define and frame the technology for the intended audience;
- identify why it is promising, troubling, or both;
- introduce and paraphrase a relevant scholarly claim;
- cite it in text;
- add your own connected position and its significance;
- include the full reference outside the paragraph as required。
Outline 让 word limit 成为选择重点的约束,而不是写完后被迫随机删句。
10. Draft, Revise, Edit, Proofread / 抛光顺序
Module 6 重用 Writing Process:
- Draft:先写出完整意思;
- Revise:改变 thesis/position、证据、遗漏、顺序或整句功能;
- Edit:修正 clarity、wording、grammar 与 flow;
- Proofread:最后检查 typo、format 和 citation details。
Self-evaluation checklist 应直接从 rubric 和 assignment 要求生成。Capstone rubric 检查:
- Topic:technology 是否定义简洁且适合 audience?
- Citation / engagement:是否理解来源、让读者理解,并保持 academic integrity?
- Position:自己的位置是否清楚且有吸引力?
- Clarity / style:句子是否容易理解和跟随?
11. Feedback as a Transfer System / 反馈要进入下一次任务
Feedback 不只是解释一个已经结束的 grade。把重要反馈改写成自己的语言,再分成:
- what worked and should be preserved;
- what needs development;
- what concrete change to try next time。
把 positive feedback 一并保存,因为它告诉你哪些做法有效,不应在下一稿中无意删掉。可以在提交前向 peer、TA、Office Hours 或 writing support 寻求反馈。
课程允许在指定条件下让 GenAI give feedback instead of a revised version。这条边界保留学生对诊断、选择和最终写作的责任。
12. Think Back and Think Forward / 从作业走向研究身份
Capstone 不只是最后一段文字,而是证明你已经开始参与 UBC 的 research community:
- think back:识别最能迁移的 strategies 与 resources;
- think forward:判断该问题属于什么 discipline、谁会受影响、完整项目还缺什么;
- possible next forms:undergraduate journal、student conference、honours research 或 research assistant work。
Original contribution 不一定宏大。准确连接现有研究、提出一个有意义的 limitation、application 或 implication,就可能成为后续研究的起点。
13. Course Completion / 课程结课
14. Key Phrases / 一句话对应关系
- Research assignment analysis -> identifying the situation, requirements, audience, sources, genre, and permitted tools before searching.
- Academic research -> a recursive exchange between existing knowledge and a responsible new contribution.
- Preliminary search -> broad exploration used to learn the vocabulary, participants, and shape of a topic.
- Scholarly source -> a source written by scholars for a scholarly audience within disciplinary conventions.
- Keyword search -> searching with the central concepts and alternative terms of a research question.
- Limiter search -> narrowing results by criteria such as peer review, date, subject, or geography.
- Bibliography search -> finding additional sources by following the references of a relevant scholarly work.
- Acceptable paraphrase -> a faithful reconstruction of another author’s idea in your own language with citation.
- Unacceptable paraphrase -> copied or lightly rearranged source language presented without complete quotation and attribution.
- In-text citation -> a nearby marker showing which sentence-level material depends on a source.
- Reference entry -> the full bibliographic record needed to identify and recover a source.
- Source integration -> connecting an accurately represented source to your own reasoning and purpose.
- They Say / I Say -> a move from an existing claim to your explicit relationship with that claim.
- Undergraduate research -> student participation in knowledge production through projects, journals, conferences, or research assistantships.
15. Retrieval Questions / 回忆问题
- 为什么 research 不是从 search box 开始?
- academic research 的两个核心问题是什么,为什么要来回往返?
- preliminary web search 与 final scholarly source search 各有什么作用?
- scholarly source 为什么不等于“任何情况下都更好的来源”?
- keyword、limiter 和 bibliography search 分别怎样推进检索?
- 为什么可以有目的地 skim 一篇长论文?
- acceptable paraphrase 的四个必要条件是什么?
- 为什么换同义词仍可能是 plagiarism?
- citation 的两个步骤如何组成可追溯链?
- They Say / I Say 中自己的 response 怎样才不只是无关意见?
- 一个 paragraph 为什么仍值得 outline?
- revision 与 editing 分别处理什么层级?
- 怎样把 feedback 变成下一项作业可执行的改变?
- Capstone rubric 的四项要求分别是什么?
- 这项短研究未来可以怎样进入更完整的 undergraduate research?
Connections / 连接
- 课程导航:AE26 Reading and Writing at University-课程主页
- 前置模块:AE26 Module 5-Speaking in the University
- 研究基础:Information Literacy / Search Strategy / Source Evaluation / Critical Reading
- 对话结构:Academic Conversation / Acceptable Paraphrase / Source Integration
- 写作与追踪:Writing Process / Reverse Outline / Academic Citation / Reader-Centered Writing